Achilles Tendinopathy: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Reviewed By – Dr. Sameer Gohir
PhD, MSc, PG Cert MSK ultrasound, PG Cert. Non-Medical Prescribing, MCSP, MAPPN

What is Achilles Tendinopathy?

Achilles tendinopathy is a common condition characterized by pain, stiffness, and swelling in the Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscles to the heel bone.

This overuse injury can occur in individuals of all activity levels and is prevalent among athletes involved in running, jumping, and other high-impact sports. Understanding the causes and effective treatments is crucial for managing and preventing this condition.

If Achilles tendon pain or stiffness is limiting your ability to walk, exercise, or enjoy daily activities, you don’t have to manage it alone. With clinics near Kent and Essex, Joint Injection Clinic offers expert treatments to relieve pain and support your recovery.

Schedule your consultation now!
Achilles Tendinopathy Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Near kent and Essex

Common Causes of Achilles Tendinopathy

Achilles tendinopathy develops primarily due to prolonged stress and overuse of the tendon. Key contributing factors include:

  • Repetitive Overuse: Engaging in activities that require repetitive force on the tendon can lead to micro-tears and degeneration. Runners and athletes in sports with high demands on the lower legs, such as basketball and soccer, are particularly susceptible.
  • Sudden Increase in Activity: A rapid increase in training intensity, frequency, or duration without adequate preparation can place excessive strain on the tendon.
  • Poor Foot Mechanics: Biomechanical issues, such as overpronation (excessive inward rolling of the foot) or flat feet, can increase tension on the Achilles tendon, contributing to tendinopathy.
  • Inadequate Footwear: Wearing shoes with minimal support or heel height can lead to increased stress on the tendon. High heels can also shorten the calf muscles, exacerbating the issue.
  • Tight or Weak Muscles: Tightness in the calf muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus) can put additional strain on the Achilles tendon. Conversely, weak calves may not be able to absorb shock effectively during physical activity, increasing injury risk.
  • Age and Health Factors: Ageing can lead to degenerative changes in the tendon, while conditions like arthritis, diabetes, and obesity can further increase susceptibility to Achilles tendinopathy

Symptoms of Achilles Tendinopathy

Individuals suffering from Achilles tendinopathy may experience:

  • Pain: A gradual onset of pain at the back of the heel or along the tendon, especially during activities like running or climbing stairs.
  • Stiffness: Morning stiffness or stiffness after prolonged inactivity may be common.
  • Swelling: Swelling and tenderness can develop around the Achilles tendon.
  • Thickening of the Tendon: A noticeable thickening of the tendon may occur, depending on the severity of the injury.
  • Difficulty Walking: Pain can worsen with activity, sometimes making walking difficult.

How Is Achilles Tendinopathy Diagnosed?

Diagnosis of Achilles tendinopathy typically involves:

  • Medical History: Discussing activity levels, previous injuries, and any symptoms.
  • Physical Examination: Assessing the affected area for tenderness, swelling, and flexibility.
  • Imaging Studies: While often unnecessary, methods like ultrasound or MRI can help visualize the tendon, particularly in differentiating tendinopathy from tendon rupture.

Treatment Options

Non-Surgical Treatment for Achilles Tendinopathy

Most cases of Achilles tendinopathy respond well to conservative treatments:

  • Rest and Activity Modification: Avoid activities that worsen the pain and allow the tendon time to heal. Gradually reintroduce activities as symptoms improve.
  • Ice Therapy: Applying ice to the affected area for 15–20 minutes several times a day can help reduce inflammation and alleviate pain.
  • Medication: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can provide relief from pain and inflammation, but they should be used under a healthcare professional’s recommendation.
  • Physiotherapy: A physical therapist may design a rehabilitation program focusing on:
  • Eccentric strengthening exercises for the calf muscles to promote tendon healing.
  • Incorporating stretching to improve flexibility in the calf.
  • Gait analysis to address any biomechanical issues.
  • Orthotics: Using shoe inserts or orthoses can help provide support and improve foot mechanics, reducing strain on the Achilles tendon.

Advanced Treatment Options for Achilles Tendinopathy

If symptoms persist despite conservative management, further interventions may be needed:

  • Corticosteroid Injections: While not routinely recommended due to potential risks, they may provide temporary relief in select cases.
  • Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injections: These may promote healing in chronic cases of tendinopathy.
  • Surgery: Surgical intervention is considered only if all other treatments fail. Procedures may involve removing degenerated tissue or repairing ruptured tendons.

Prognosis

Recovery time for Achilles tendinopathy varies, depending on the severity of the condition and adherence to treatment. Most individuals see improvement within several weeks to a few months. However, complete recovery may take longer, particularly for those with chronic tendinopathy.

Prevention Tips

To reduce the risk of Achilles tendinopathy:

  • Incorporate a proper warm-up and cool-down routine that includes calf stretches.
  • Gradually increase activity levels to avoid sudden overload on the tendon.
  • Wear well-fitting, supportive footwear appropriate for your activity, and consider orthotic inserts if necessary.
  • Maintain a healthy weight to reduce strain on the tendons.

Conclusion

Achilles tendinopathy is a common yet manageable condition with appropriate treatment and preventive strategies. Early recognition, thorough management, and modifying risk factors can lead to a full recovery and return to physical activities.

Get Help for Achilles Tendinopathy at Joint Injection Clinic

If Achilles tendinopathy is causing heel pain, stiffness, or difficulty walking and exercising, you don’t have to face it alone. At Joint Injection Clinic, our experienced team provides evidence-based treatments to reduce pain, promote tendon healing, and improve your mobility.

We welcome patients at all three of our clinics:

Dartford Clinic – ideal for those in Kent and South East London

Address: Unit 30, 1st Floor, The Base Dartford Business Park, Victoria Road, Dartford, DA1 5FS.

Romford Clinic – easily accessible from Essex and Greater London

Address: Room no 8, Alliance Office Space 2-4 Eastern Road, Romford, Essex, RM1 3PJ.

Canterbury Clinic – serving East Kent and surrounding areas

Address: 12-17 Upper Bridge Street, Canterbury, CT1 2NF, United Kingdom.


From ultrasound-guided assessments and precision treatments to tailored physiotherapy and rehabilitation plans, our specialists can help manage Achilles tendon pain effectively and support your return to comfortable movement.

Schedule your consultation now!